01 - Bring a large pot of generously salted water to a rolling boil. Add the mafaldine and cook until al dente according to package directions. Reserve ½ cup of starchy cooking water before draining.
02 - While the pasta cooks, blanch the broccoli florets in boiling water for 2 to 3 minutes until vivid green and just barely tender. Drain and set aside.
03 - In a large skillet, heat the olive oil over medium heat. Sauté the shallot and garlic for 1 to 2 minutes until fragrant but not browned. Stir in the blanched broccoli, lemon zest, and chili flakes. Cook for another 2 minutes, tossing to coat evenly.
04 - Add the drained mafaldine and reserved pasta water to the skillet. Toss thoroughly to combine. Stir in the lemon juice, grated Parmigiano-Reggiano, and black pepper. Cook for 1 to 2 minutes until the sauce turns slightly creamy and clings to the noodles.
05 - Remove the skillet from heat. Sprinkle with fresh basil or parsley and adjust the seasoning with additional lemon juice, salt, or pepper to taste.
06 - Serve immediately in warm bowls, topped with extra grated Parmigiano-Reggiano if desired.