01 - Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Cook the pasta according to package directions until al dente. Drain thoroughly, rinse under cold running water to halt cooking, and set aside to cool completely.
02 - If using fresh corn, heat a grill or cast-iron skillet over high heat. Place the ears directly on the cooking surface and char, turning occasionally, until lightly blackened in spots, 5 to 7 minutes. Cut the kernels from the cobs. If using frozen corn, thaw completely, then sear in a hot skillet with a light drizzle of oil until smoky and golden.
03 - In a large mixing bowl, combine the cooled pasta, charred corn kernels, halved cherry tomatoes, diced red onion, chopped cilantro, and jalapeño if using. Toss gently to distribute evenly.
04 - In a small bowl, whisk together the mayonnaise, sour cream (or Greek yogurt), lime juice, smoked paprika, chili powder, kosher salt, and black pepper until smooth and well blended.
05 - Pour the dressing over the pasta and vegetable mixture. Toss gently, using a large spoon or spatula, until every component is evenly coated.
06 - Add the crumbled cotija cheese to the bowl and fold it in gently, preserving some texture in the curds.
07 - Transfer the salad to a serving bowl. Scatter the additional chopped cilantro over the top and arrange lime wedges around the edge. Serve chilled or at room temperature.